The Role of Speech-Language Pathologists in Cancer Care: A Vital Resource During Breast Cancer Treatment

October marks Breast Cancer Awareness Month, when we focus on education, support, and advocacy for those affected by this pervasive disease. While most people associate cancer care with oncologists, surgeons, and nurses, another essential healthcare professional involved in the cancer journey often goes unnoticed: the speech-language pathologist (SLP). SLPs play a vital role in helping cancer patients—particularly breast cancer survivors—maintain quality of life during and after treatment. 

Let’s explore how SLPs contribute to the care of breast cancer patients.

Addressing Speech, Cognitive, and Communication Challenges

While breast cancer primarily affects the breast tissue, treatment such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiation can have far-reaching impacts on a person’s body. Chemotherapy, for example, can cause cognitive effects sometimes referred to as "chemo brain," which may impact a person's ability to concentrate, find the right words, or organize thoughts. Speech-language pathologists help breast cancer survivors with cognitive-communication rehabilitation by working to strengthen memory, attention, and word retrieval, helping patients manage “chemo brain.” 

Swallowing Support

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy, though not directly targeting the throat, can still affect swallowing functions in breast cancer patients due to side effects like dry mouth, mouth sores, or fatigue. Some treatments may also weaken muscles needed for swallowing, increasing the risk of choking or aspiration pneumonia. SLPs are trained to assess swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) by identifying issues with swallowing safety and efficiency through clinical exams and imaging techniques. They also provide swallowing therapy, teaching patients exercises to strengthen swallowing muscles and recommending strategies or dietary modifications to ensure safe and comfortable eating.

Lymphedema Management in the Head and Neck

Some breast cancer patients may experience lymphedema, a condition caused by lymphatic system damage, which results in swelling in various parts of the body. While lymphedema is commonly associated with swelling in the arms and legs. It can also occur in the head and neck due to lymph node removal or radiation. This can further complicate swallowing, speech, and breathing. Speech-language pathologists, in collaboration with other healthcare providers, help patients manage swelling-related complications, offering guidance and techniques to address speech and swallowing challenges resulting from head and neck lymphedema.

Psychosocial Support

Cancer treatment is physically taxing, but it also takes a significant emotional toll. A new onset of cognitive-communication challenges can exacerbate feelings of isolation, anxiety, or depression during a time when expressing needs and emotions is critical. SLPs provide an empathetic, supportive space where patients can rebuild confidence in communication by working on their communication skills, helping them regain a sense of control and self-expression, which is crucial to their emotional well-being. Additionally, strong communication abilities enable breast cancer survivors to engage with their medical team, support networks, and loved ones more effectively, fostering a greater sense of community and resilience. Learning how to remediate or compensate for changes in cognitive functioning and treatment-induced fatigue aids patients in better understanding how to manage their daily needs with increased confidence.  
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During Breast Cancer Awareness Month, it's essential to recognize the diverse team of professionals who support individuals affected by cancer. Speech-language pathologists bring specialized expertise to cancer care, particularly when it comes to managing communication and swallowing challenges, supporting cognitive functions, and helping patients lead fulfilling lives throughout treatment and recovery. If you or a loved one is undergoing breast cancer treatment and experiencing speech, swallowing, or cognitive issues, consider reaching out to an SLP. Their role in your care may be the key to improving both your quality of life and your recovery.

Contact Cognition, Speech & Language if you or a loved one would benefit from a consultation for services. 

#BreastCancerAwarenessMonth #SLPCareInCancer #CommunicationMatters #CancerRecovery